2.89 understand the sources, roles and effects of the following hormones: ADH, adrenaline, insulin, testosterone, progesterone and oestrogen.

1. Our body produces hormones to tell different parts of the body what to do. These are produced in the hormonal system in glands. Small amounts are carried around in the blood. Responses are NOT reflexes, these responses take minutes or can go on for years.
2. Thyroid makes thyroxin - Regulates the rate of metabolism
Pituitary is at the base of the brain. Produces many hormones. Regulates sperm and egg production, water balance, growth etc.
3. The Pancreas makes insulin and glucagon, insulin lowers blood sugar, and glucagon increases blood sugar.
Adrenal glands produce adrenalin - Adrenaline helps the body cope with fear and anger in an emergency, or pain. Basically, it converts glycogen into glucose, increases the heart rate, bronchioles widen for more air, blood vessels widen to the brain and muscles, blood vessels to the gut narrow, and hairs are raised.
4. Testes make testosterone in males, and these develop the male features during puberty. The ovaries create oestrogen and progesterone in females, and these control the menstrual cycle and female features during puberty
5. Hormonal glands are affected by feedback. If the level of a hormone is too high, then less is produced and vice versa.
Sometimes things can go wrong. Sometimes too much/too little